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ObjectiveBy exploring the volatile components， polysaccharide composition and changes in the contents of five carbohydrate components of Polygonatum cyrtonema rhizoma before and after processing， and then the effect of yellow rice wine on the odour formation of P. cyrtonema rhizoma was investigated. MethodThe volatile components of P. cyrtonema rhizoma before and after processing were detected by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（HS-GC-MS）， and sample data were subjected to principal component analysis（PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） using SIMCA 14.1， then the differences between these components of P. cyrtonema rhizoma before and after processing were screened according to the principle of variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1. Crude carbohydrate components in raw and wine-processed P. cyrtonema rhizoma were subjected to oxime and silylation， the carbohydrate components were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS/MS）， and the relative contents of various components were calculated by peak area normalization， then quantitative analysis of four carbohydrate components was also carried out. ResultA total of 23 volatile components were identified from the raw products and the wine-processed products， including 15 components in raw products and 20 components in wine-processed products. Among them， 2-methylbutyraldehyde and isovaleraldehyde had a sweet odor and their contents increased after processing， but the contents of hexanal and caproic acid decreased， new components such as 2-acetylfuran and 5-methylfuranal were produced after processing. PCA and OPLS-DA results showed that there were significant differences between raw products and the wine-processed products， a total of 13 differential compounds were screened out， of which 7 showed an upward trend in relative content and 6 showed a downward trend. A total of 7 carbohydrate components， including 5 monosaccharides and 2 disaccharides， were identified in raw products and the wine-processed products. The results of determination showed that the contents of fructose， glucose， mannose and sucrose in P. cyrtonema rhizoma increased after wine-processing， and their increases were 4.54， 1.51， 2.93， 3.66 times， respectively. ConclusionAfter processing， the increase of aromatic flavor of P. cyrtonema rhizoma may be related to the increase of the contents of aldehydes such as 2-methylbutyraldehyde and isovaleraldehyde， while the decrease of raw flavor may be related to the decrease of the contents of volatile components such as hexanal and hexanoic acid， the increase of sweet flavor may be related to the increase of the contents of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides such as fructose and sucrose.
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OBJECTIVE To analyze the research status and hotspots of wine processing of Chinese medicine， and to provide reference for its related research. METHODS Related literature about wine processing research in Chinese medicine was retrieved from CNKI and Web of Science （WOS）. VOSviewer 1.6.18 and CiteSpace 6.1.1R2 software were used to visualize the core authors， research institutions， keywords， and other contents. RESULTS A total of 962 Chinese literature and 57 English literature were included in the study. In total， the trend in the amount of Chinese and English literature was on the rise during 2000-2022. The analysis of the authors showed that ZHANG Xuelan and CAI Baochang had the most publications in Chinese and English literature. Research institutions were mainly Chinese medicine universities， and Chengdu University of Chinese Medicine and Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine were the research institutions with the largest number of Chinese and English literature published. The analysis of keywords in Chinese and English literature showed that the wine-processing research of Chinese medicine mainly focused on wine-processed varieties， chemical constituents， wine-processed process， and quality standards. Response surface method， chroma value， metabolomics， and action mechanism had become current research hotspots. CONCLUSIONS The related research of wine processing for Chinese medicine is still in the development period. In the future， the response surface method to optimize the wine-processed process and the combination of metabolomics with related technologies of other omics to reveal the pharmacodynamic mechanism of wine processing for Chinese medicine is still the future development trend. In the future， cooperation between institutions should be further strengthened， and research on the use of excipients and alcohol should be strengthened. Modern analytical methods should be utilized to enhance the efficiency of wine processing for Chinese medicine， thereby promoting the modernization and internationalization of wine processing for Chinese medicine.
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ObjectiveBy comparing the difference of volatile components of the decoction pieces before and after being processed by braising method of Jianchangbang and steaming method included in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia， the influence of processing methods on the flavor formation of Polygoni Multiflori Radix （PMR） was compared. MethodHeadspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （HS-GC-MS） was used to detect the volatile components of 30 batches of PMR samples from 3 origins with 3 processing methods. The GC was performed under programmed temperature （starting temperature of 40 ℃， rising to 150 ℃ at 5 ℃·min-1， and then rising to 195 ℃ at 10 ℃·min-1） with high purity helium as carrier gas and the split ratio of 10∶1. Mass spectrometry conditions were electron impact ion source （EI） and the detection range of m/z 50-650， the peak area normalization method was used to calculate the relative mass fraction of each component. The chromaticity values of different processed products were measured by a precision colorimeter， the relationship between chromaticity values and relative contents of volatile components was investigated by OriginPro 2021， principal component analysis （PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA） were performed on the sample data by SIMCA14.1. The differential components of different processed products of PMR were screened according to the principle of variable importance in the projection （VIP） value>1.5， and the material basis of different odor formation of PMR and its processed products was explored. ResultA total of 59 volatile components were identified， among which 34 were raw products， 33 were braised products， and 27 were steamed products. PCA and OPLS-DA results showed that there were significant differences between the three， but there was no significant difference between samples from different origins of the same processing method. Color parameters of a*， b*， E*ab had no significant correlation with contents of volatile components， while L* was negatively correlated with contents of 2-methyl-2-butenal， 2-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-one and 2，3-dihydro-3，5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4（H）-pyran-4-one （P<0.05）. The contents of pungent odor components such as caproic acid， nonanoic acid and synthetic camphor decreased after processing， while the contents of sweet flavor components such as 2-methyl-2-butenal， furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural increased after processing， and the contents of furfural， 5-methyl-2-furanmethanol， 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and other aroma components in the braised products were significantly higher than that in the steamed products. ConclusionHS-GC-MS can quickly identify the volatile substance basis that causes the different odors of PMR and its processed products. The effect of processing methods on the odor is greater than that of origin. There is a significant correlation between the color parameter of L* and contents of volatile components， the "raw" taste of PMR may be related to volatile components such as caproic acid， pelargonic acid and synthetic camphor， the "flavor" after processing may be related to the increase of the contents of 2-methyl-2-butenal， furfural， 5-hydroxymethylfurfural， methyl maltol and furfuryl alcohol.
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OBJECTIVE：To establish the eva luation criteria for the rationality of tumor nutritional standardized treatment ，and to provide reference for nutritional standardized treatment in tumer patients . METHODS ：Based on domestic and foreign guidelines or expert consensus ，the rationality evaluation standard of tumor nutritional standardized treatmentwas formulated in our hospital （Bozhou Municipal People ’s Hospital ）. 50 nutritional treatment medical records in our hospital from Jan. to Jun. 2019 were evaluated by weighted TOPSIS ；according to the evaluation results ，nutritional intervention was carried out ，and 50 nutritional treatment medical records （group B ）from Aug. to Dec. 2019 were re-evaluated by the same method after intervention. RESULTS ： The established evaluation criteria for the rationality of tumor nutritional standardized treatment in our hospital included 18 indicators，such as malnutrition diagnosis ，description of the nature of malnutrition ，nutrition screening and evaluation ，etc. After analysis ，the rational rate of nutritional treatment was only 18％ in group A （Ci of ideal solution with 9 medical records≥0.6），and 78％ in group B （Ci of ideal solution with59 medical records ≥0.6）. There was statistical significance in the rationality of nutritional treatment before and after nutritional intervention （Ci≥0.6）（P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ：The established rational evaluation method of tumor nutritional standardized treatment is feasible ，and the evaluation results are intuitive and reasonable. Nutrition intervention is helpful to reduce the irrational rate of nutritional treatment.
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Esophageal variceal bleeding is a serious complication of liver cirrhosis. Endoscopic therapy is a main method for the prevention and treatment of esophageal variceal bleeding, which includes endoscopic variceal ligation, sclerosing agent injection, endoscopic ultrasound-guided injection of sclerosing agent, tissue adhesive injection, self-expandable covered metallic stent, and combination treatment. This article reviews the indications, clinical effect, and complications of these endoscopic therapies.
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This study aimed at evaluating the effect of different processing methods on the contents of antiosteoporotic compositions in P.corylifolia.HPLC method adopted to analyze the contents of antiosteoporotic compositions,including coumarin (psoralen and isopsoralen),flavonoids (neobavaisoflavone,corylifolin,corylifolinin and corylifol A) and meroterpenes (bakuchiol) in P.corylifolia.The contents were analyzed before and after the processing methods.Results:The results showed that the content of coumarin,flavonoids and meroterpenes obviously changed in different processed P.Corylifolia in comparison with the crude drugs.In conclusion,it was demonstrated that the therapeutic efficacy of osteoporosis was enhanced by CP method which increased all of the three compositions.The testimony tallied with the Chinese medical theory:stir-frying with salt-water could enhance the effect of the tonification of spleen and kidney.
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Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of lamotrigine for absence seizures in children and adolescents . Methods Databases of PubMed ,the Cochrane Library ,EMbase ,CENTRAL ,VIP ,WanFang ,CBM and CNKI were electron-ically searched till August ,2014 for clinical trials on lamotrigine for absence seizures in children and adolescents .All literature were screened by two reviewers independently according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria .The data was extracted ,and the methodological quality was assessed .Then ,meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5 .2 .Results Seven trials were in-cluded involving a total of 721 patients .The results of methodological qualities were two studies rated as A-class ,three studies rated as B-class and two studies rated as C-class .Meta-analysis results showed that the efficacy of lamotrigine monotherapy for absence seizure in children and adolescents was better than placebo ,but efficacy of lamotrigine was lower than valproic acid and ethosuximide .The adverse reaction rates of lamotrigine were with no significant difference compared with valproic acid and et-hosuximide .Conclusion Lamotrigine monotherapy was effective for absence seizures in children and adolescents and was well tolerated .Lamotrigine was a good choice for patients that are intolerable to valproic acid or ethosuximide .
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Objective To conduct eugenics inspections for preparing pregnant couples,to find out risk factors causing fetal birth defects,to provide the scientific basis of eugenic and superior nurture.Methods A total of 2 1 63 preparing pregnant couples were conducted eugenics detection before childbirth to assess pregnant risk.Results A total of 1 547 cases were checked out with preg-nancy risk with the positive rate as 35.76%(1 547/4 326).Among them,the positive rate of male was 26.81% (580/2 1 63).the positive rate of women was 44.71% (967/2 1 63).Women positive rate was significantly higher than the male.Conclusion The eu-genics detection before pregnant could found risk of pregnancy as soon as possible,in order to take corresponding preventive meas-ures in time,has important significance for prevention of birth defects.
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Objective:To summary the antibacterial agent therapy adjustment performed by clinical pharmacists in the collabora-tive rounds. Methods:Combined with physicians, clinical pharmacists participated in the ward round and antibacterial agent selection for one case of hospital-acquired pneumonia, meanwhile, pharmaceutical care was performed for the patient. Results:Clinical pharma-cists chose appropriate antibacterial agents for the patient to cover the suspected pathogens and control the infection in time through par-ticipating in the ward round and paying attention to the disease course progress, medical history and medication history. Conclusion:Clinical pharmacists can enhance the quality of drug therapy through participating in the drug therapy, providing the proposal for the antibacterial agent use and performing pharmaceutical service for physicians and patients.
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This experimental study was aimed to find the effect of different package and storage conditions on the content of effective components of A stragalus pieces. A stragalus pieces were stored under different storage conditions by using different packaging materials and packaging methods. Every three months, the contents of Calycosin-7-glu-coside and astragaloside were determined according to the 2010 version of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. With the extend-edstorage time, the contents of two effective components were significantly decreased. After six-monthstorage, the contents were not consistent with the standard of the pharmacopoeia standards. Room temperature had relatively big influence on the loss of content. The plastic and aluminum paperpackagingwere better than kraft paper packaging. The content ofastragaloside using non vacuum packaging method was relatively higher than the vacuum packaging. Contentunder the conditions of cool storehouse and nonvacuum plastic bags was higher than other packagingmethod. And the changes of both contents were relatively stable. It was concluded that the A stragaluspieces should be packed with non vacuum plastic bags, and stored in a cool and dry place.
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Background Hypertension is a multigenetic inheritable disease.Gene therapy by regulating gene expression showed long term effects and less side effects,and has been emerged to be a potential and prospective treatment.Objective To investigate the effects of retroviraladeno-associated virus vector containing shRNA targeted on the AT1R gene (rAAV-AT1R-shRNA) on blood preesure(BP) in renal hypertensive rats,and the inhibitory effect of RNA interference (RNAi) on AT1R mRNA expression in renal hypertensive rats.Methods Two-kideny one-clip (2K1C) renal hypertension (RH) were established in SD rats and randomly to receive rAAV-AT1R-shRNA,1.5?109 particles/mL(n=12,ip),as treated group or retroviral vector (rAAV-EGFP),2.9?109 particles/mL,ip,as vehicle group,normal SD rats served as controls (n=12).SBP was measured before and after treatment.Animals were euthanized and blood,brain,heart,liver,kidney,aorta and adrenal gland were collected to identify the sites of rAAV-AT1R-shRNA expression by fluorescence microscope.Angiotensin Ⅱwas assessed by radioimmunology.Results 24 hours after single injection of rAAV-AT1R-shRNA,SBP was reduced by (22.3?5.5)mmHg compared to before intervention (P